Bioethanol Production from Empty Palm Fruit Bunch with Variation of NaOH, H2SO4, and Yeast Concentration

Syamsuddin, Muhammad Maulana (2025) Bioethanol Production from Empty Palm Fruit Bunch with Variation of NaOH, H2SO4, and Yeast Concentration. Bachelor thesis, Institut Teknologi Kalimantan.

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Abstract

The production of crude palm oil (CPO) in Indonesia reached 47.08 million tons which 3.85 million tonnes produced in East Kalimantan in 2023. About 23% or 230 kg of empty palm fruit bunches remains after processing 1 ton of fresh palm fruit bunch. Biomass waste in form of empty fruit bunches can cause environmental pollution due to decreased environmental quality. The piles of palm oil waste that are left scattered can reduce the soil ability to absorb water. However, empty palm fruit bunch (EPFB) which are a by-product of the palm oil production process have the potential to be used as biomass to produce alternative fuels in the form of bioethanol since the content of EPFB consist of 37% cellulose, 27% hemicellulose, and 15% lignin. The conversion process of EFPB into bioethanol consists of three main stages: first, delignification using NaOH to remove lignin; second, hydrolysis with H₂SO₄ to convert cellulose into glucose; and third, fermentation by tape yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to produce bioethanol. The ethanol produced is then purified through distillation, resulting in environmentally friendly energy from agricultural waste. The objective of this study was to determine the potential glucose content, volume, and density of bioethanol derived from EFPB through various treatment with variation of NaOH, H₂SO₄, and tape yeast concentration. The results of this study showed that a NaOH concentration of 4% with H₂SO₄ concentration of 2.5 M produced an optimum sugar content of 2,468 ppm through the response surface method test. The volume of bioethanol with a fermentation time of 3 days yielded an average volume of 9.90 ml with a yeast concentration of 8%. A yeast concentration of 4% produced the lowest average density among the treatments at 0.965 g/m³.

Item Type: Thesis (Bachelor)
Subjects: Q Science > Q Science (General)
Q Science > QD Chemistry
T Technology > T Technology (General)
Divisions: Jurusan Ilmu Kebumian dan Lingkungan > Teknik Lingkungan
Depositing User: Muhammad Maulana Syamsuddin Syamsuddin
Date Deposited: 10 Jul 2025 07:27
Last Modified: 10 Jul 2025 07:27
URI: http://repository.itk.ac.id/id/eprint/23650

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